A translator or programming language processor Translator which computing system translator
Translator
The program (source program) created by us is written in English. which we can understand. But the computer understands only binary language. That’s why can’t understand it. Translator is a type of program that converts the source program created by us.
HD Changes in object program. The object program is in binary, so the computer would understand it.
There are three types of translator
(1) Assembler- It has been used with assembly language. (2) Compiler- It is used with high level language and 4GL. this whole source
Converts the program into an object program at once. (3) Interpreter- It is also used in high level language and 4GL. It converts one line source code into one line object code.
Steps used to make a program
[1) Problem definition- In this step the problem is fully understood, whose program
The solution is to be obtained from the computer by making.
2) Program designing- In this step, divide the problem into several parts according to the algorithm.
is written down.
(3) Program coding- According to algorithm and flowchart in this step, High Level Language
The program is made with the help of Program execution- The program made in this step is run (executed).
5 Program Documentation The details about the program are called Documentation. like
Manufacturer, date, purpose, name of organization etc. Program Testing- Running the program to see whether the program is running properly or not.
Program Debugging – Finding and correcting errors in the program is called a bug and fixing the error is called debugging. Saml (2)
Characteristics of a Good Program
While writing a program, we have to keep many points in mind. Some of these are special points. Reliability- It is necessary that the program performs the same task without any interference for which it is designed.
Flexibility program should be such that whenever it is needed in future, something new can be added or unnecessary things can be removed.
The portability program should be written in such a way that the program developed on a computer without any re-compilation.
The flow and purpose of the program can be known.
(5) The best result should be obtained by the performance program in the shortest possible time.
Types of Application Software
- Application software are used for different tasks. Example (1) Text Editor- The software with the help of which text can be written, edited, saved and printed is called text editor. Example Prem) (5)
Edit 3v edlin
(on DOS OS)
Notepad
(on Windows OS)
vi
(On Linux and Unix OS)
(2) Word processor – software with the help of which in addition to working on text, Paragraph, Table, Image, Auto shape etc. can also be worked on. It is called word processor. Example
word star
(on DOS OS)
MS Word, Page Maker, Word pad (on Windows OS)
(3) Spreadsheet- Software with the help of which tabular (recorded) information can be easily stored and different types of reports can be made on it.
Spreadsheet says. Example
Lotus 123
(on DOS OS)
MSExcel
(on Windows OS)
(4) Presentation software With the help of these software, information is presented attractively.
can go. Example
Ms PowerPoint (on Windows OS)
(5) Image Editor – With the help of these softwares, the work of editing is done in the image.
Example
Ms paint, Photoshop, Photo Impression, Mr.photo (on Windows OS )
(6) The website can be opened (explored) with the help of Web Browser in s / w.
Example
Internet Explorer(IE), Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Netscape Navigator
Opera Mini etc.
(7) Audio / Video player – With the help of these s/w, audio (sound) and video (movie) can be played. Example
Windows Media player, VLC player, Gom player anf
(8) Video Editor- Editing can be done in the video with the help of these s/w. Example Windows Movie Maker
(9) DBMS (Data Base Management System)- With the help of these s/w data can be easily stored and organized. Example dbase, Foxbase, Foxpro, MSAccess, MySql, Server, Oracle, Db2 etc.
SQL
Some important things about Operating System (OS)
(1) Single user & Multi user OS- The operating system which can operate only one computer is called single user operating system whereas such operating system by which more than one computer can be operated is called multi user operating system. . Example
Single user OS-DOS, Windows
Multi user OS.- Linux, UNIX
The version of Windows Windows Server 2000 is a Multi user OS. (2) A program running on Single Tasking & Multi Tasking computer is called process or task. There are some OS that can do only one task at a time, they are called Single Tasking OS. Whereas an OS that performs more than one task at a time is called multi-tasking OS. Example
Single tasking-DOS
Multi tasking – Windows, Linux, UNIX
In a multi-tasking environment, the CPU is designed in such a way that it can work on more than one process at a time. The microprocessor devotes a little bit of its time to each task but only one task at a time. This type of technique is called CPU Scheduling. Following are the different techniques of CPU scheduling
(1) FCFS (First Come First Serve) To do the given task first.
(2) SJF (Shortest Job First)- Finishing small tasks quickly.
(3) Priority based scheduling- If the priority (priority) of a task is increased, then that task is completed quickly and first.
CUI-DOS, Unix
GUI – Windows, Linux
- Unix operating system fy graphics environment comes under the name KDE (K-Desktop environment).
The version 3.11 of Windows was not an operating system but an operating environment.
FAT File Allocation Table
NTFS – New Technology File System
16 and 32 in FAT16 and FAT 32 denotes the word length in that operating system. The number of bits processed by the cpu at a time is called word length. Processing is 16 bit in DOS, 32 bit in Windows XP, and 64 bit in Windows 7.
- Booting- After switching on (starting) the computer, it does its own work for some time, meanwhile it copies the files of the operating system from the secondary memory and brings them to the RAM. This is called booting. Booting is done in two steps.
CUI-DOS, Unix
GUI – Windows, Linux
- Unix operating system fy graphics environment comes under the name KDE (K-Desktop environment).
The version 3.11 of Windows was not an operating system but an operating environment.
In this, after booting the system from DOS, this environment was used.
Multiprocessing- OS in which processing of more than one process is done simultaneously on more than one processor at the same time. Some computers have more than one processor installed.
FAT File Allocation Table
NTFS – New Technology File System
16 and 32 in FAT16 and FAT 32 denotes the word length in that operating system. The number of bits processed by the cpu at a time is called word length. Processing is 16 bit in DOS, 32 bit in Windows XP, and 64 bit in Windows 7.
- Booting- After switching on (starting) the computer, it does its own work for some time, meanwhile it copies the files of the operating system from the secondary memory and brings them to the RAM. This is called booting. Booting is done in two steps.
(1) POST (Power On Self Test)- In this step, by reading the setting of input output devices present in ROM, matches them with real devices.
(2) Boot strap loader- Boot strap loader is a program present in ROM. In this step, by reading the address present in the track zero of the secondary storage device, the operating system copies the first file IO.SYS from the secondary storage device to the RAM. At the end of the first file, the address of the third file is written at the end of the second and second file, in this way each file is copied and kept in RAM. Finally the operating system gives us a 5. Del- To delete the file.
- Type- To view the contents of the file. 7. To show the contents (list) of Dir-Directory.
- Copy-File to copy.
- To Rename Ren File.
- To see the version of the Ver-Operating system. 11. Vol- To see the volume label name and serial number of a drive.
- Date To view and change the date.
- To view and change the Timeline.
- Path – To set the directory for the executive file. 15. Diskcopy- To copy one Floppy to another Floppy.
- Diskcomp – To compare the contents of two Floppy.
- To change the attribute of the Attrib file. The following attribute can be associated with a file
File Extension – After the dot in the name of the file, an extension of three letters is applied, which is called file extension. File extension shows by which application the file has been created or can be opened by which application. Files can be created in DOS without an extension key and DOS recognizes it as a data file. Whereas in Windows environment file without extension is not recognized. More than three in Windows
